Chloromycetin is a medication with the active ingredient chloramphenicol. It is also known by the name chloramphenicol palmitate. This medicine is used to treat bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria in the body.
The Chloromycetin price is approximately £0.28 – £0.9 per pills. It depends on the pack size and the amount of active ingredient (30 or 360 mg).
Chloromycetin, known chemically as chloramphenicol, is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Typically prescribed for serious infections when other antibiotics may not be effective.
Chloromycetin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It functions by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacterial cells, thus hindering the peptidyl transferase activity and impeding protein formation.
Chloromycetin is available in several forms, including intravenous, oral capsules, and eye drops. Dosage is dependent on the type and severity of the infection, as well as patient’s age, weight, and renal function. Adults typically receive 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses, while children require 25-50 mg/kg/day in divided doses.
Indicated for use in treating typhoid fever, rickettsial infections, and certain types of meningitis. Also effective against Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella species, and anaerobic bacteria.
The active compound interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Specifically, it binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing peptide bond formation in susceptible organisms.
Contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol or its components. Not to be administered to individuals with a history of bone marrow depression or blood dyscrasias.
Absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract when administered orally. Peaks in plasma concentration typically occur within 1-3 hours post-administration. Metabolized mainly by hepatic glucuronidation; excreted primarily via urine.
Potential interactions with drugs including phenytoin, warfarin, and other agents metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system. May inhibit enzymatic activity, leading to elevated levels of these drugs.
Should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Oral capsules should remain in their original packaging until usage. Solutions for intravenous use need to be prepared under sterile conditions.
Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea and vomiting. More severe effects can include bone marrow suppression leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.
Monitoring of complete blood counts is essential during prolonged treatment, particularly due to the risk of bone marrow suppression. Liver function tests and renal function should also be monitored in patient management.
Use with caution in neonates and preterm infants due to the risk of “gray baby syndrome.” Dosage adjustment may be necessary for patients with liver or kidney impairment.
Therapeutic plasma concentrations are typically between 10-20 mcg/mL. Levels exceeding 25 mcg/mL may be associated with increased toxicity risk.
Possesses both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, depending on the bacterial species and drug concentration. Exhibits broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Included in many hospital formularies for use in specific and severe bacterial infections. Consideration based on spectrum of activity, cost, and availability of alternative antibiotics.
Resistance mechanisms include production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which inactivates the drug. Cross-resistance can occur with other antibiotics, especially in multidrug-resistant strains.
A prescription-only medication, categorized under Schedule VI drugs in many jurisdictions. Regulation varies by region; it is necessary to comply with local prescribing rules.
Manufactured by numerous pharmaceutical companies under various trade names. Availability may vary by country and region, particularly due to regulatory approvals.
Oral Chloromycetin capsules should be taken with a full glass of water. Intravenous formulations require careful dilution and administration by a healthcare professional.
Sometimes used off-label for conditions such as brain abscesses or intra-abdominal infections. Decisions for such use should rely on clinical judgment and infection severity.
Effective against a wide range of microorganisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and certain anaerobes. However, certain enteric bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may exhibit resistance.
Clinical studies highlight the efficacy of Chloromycetin in severe bacterial infections, despite its risks. Literature underscores the necessity of vigilant monitoring due to the drug’s toxicity potential.
Treatment duration typically ranges from 10-14 days, but may require extension in severe cases. Duration should be critically assessed to balance efficacy and risk of adverse effects.