Hydrochlorothiazide is a medication with the active ingredient hydrochlorothiazide. It is also known by brand names like Microzide and HydroDiuril. This medication is mainly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and can also help reduce swelling from fluid buildup in the body (edema).
The cost of the Hydrochlorothiazide varies from £0.23 to £0.45 per pills. It depends on the pack size and the amount of active ingredient (60 or 360 mg).
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hypertension, Edema
Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water, thereby reducing blood pressure.
Tablets, Capsules
12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg
Oral
Once daily
100 mg per day
Often used with other antihypertensives like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or ARBs.
NSAIDs may reduce diuretic effectiveness. Lithium clearance is reduced, increasing toxicity risk. Concurrent use with corticosteroids can cause hypokalemia.
Anuria, Hypersensitivity to Sulfonamide-Derived Drugs
Severe Renal Impairment, Liver Disease
Hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, Photosensitivity
Serum Electrolytes, Renal Function, Blood Glucose
Store at room temperature, protect from light and moisture.
Symptomatic and Supportive Treatment
Not indicated for initial treatment of malignant hypertension.
Safety and Efficacy not established in children under 6 months.
Monitor for hypokalemia and hypotension due to increased sensitivity.
Category B: Animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated risk.
Small amounts excreted in breast milk; use caution.
Advise on the risk of photosensitivity, emphasizing the need to use sunscreen or wear protective clothing.
Do not abruptly discontinue without consulting a healthcare provider.
Manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies such as Mylan, Sandoz, and Teva.
FDA Approved
Intermediate
Onset of action occurs in 2 hours, with peak effect at 4 to 6 hours. Half-life ranges between 6 to 15 hours.
No impact reported on mental alertness or coordination.
Included in most guidelines as a first-line treatment for hypertension.
May exacerbate hyperglycemic episodes in diabetic patients.
Long-term use may be associated with decreased bone mineral density.
Effectively reduces fluid retention in conditions like congestive heart failure.
First approved in 1959 for medical use.
HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Esidrix
Adjust dosing in renal impairment, with careful monitoring for efficacy and toxicity.
Generally inexpensive, often included in generic drug programs.
Useful in multifactorial therapeutic regimens targeting both hypertension and heart failure.
Oral administration once daily enhances patient adherence.
Loop diuretics and potassium-sparing diuretics can be considered based on clinical indications.
May cause a slight rise in cholesterol levels, requiring monitoring.
Monitor closely for hyponatremia and hypokalemia during therapy.
Advise on maintaining a balanced diet rich in potassium sources to counteract hypokalemia.
Encourage physical activity, but caution regarding potential dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Remains effective for long-term management of hypertension and edema with appropriate monitoring.
Periodic assessment of renal function is essential to avoid complications.
Inform patients about the importance of adherence to therapy and regular follow-ups.