Promethazine is a medication with the active ingredient promethazine hydrochloride. It is also known by brand names like Phenergan. This medicine is commonly used to treat allergies, relieve nausea and vomiting, help with motion sickness, and as a sedative for sleep.
The cost of the Promethazine varies from £0.52 to £0.58 per pills. It depends on the pack size and the amount of active ingredient (60 or 360 mg).
Promethazine is a first-generation antihistamine. It is commonly used to treat allergy symptoms, nausea, and as a sedative. Classified chemically as a phenothiazine.
Promethazine works by blocking histamine H1 receptors. This action decreases allergic response and has sedative effects. Additionally, it affects the central nervous system, acting as an antiemetic and sedative.
Indicated for the treatment of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria. Prescribed for the management of nausea and vomiting, including post-operative situations. Utilized for preoperative sedation and to treat motion sickness.
Administered via oral, intramuscular, or rectal routes. Typical adult dosage ranges from 12.5 mg to 50 mg, depending on the condition. Dose adjustments might be necessary for hepatic or renal impairment.
Promethazine is well-absorbed following oral or rectal administration. It undergoes extensive liver metabolism, primarily by the cytochrome P450 system. Its elimination half-life typically ranges from 12 to 15 hours.
Concurrent use with CNS depressants like alcohol, opioids, and sedatives should be monitored due to additive sedative effects. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can enhance anticholinergic effects. Interaction with anticholinergic drugs can increase side effects like dry mouth and constipation.
Not to be used in children under 2 years due to risk of respiratory depression. Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to promethazine or other phenothiazines. Avoid in comatose patients and those with severe central nervous system depression.
Pregnancy: Category C; potential risks should be weighed against benefits. Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; consider alternatives if nursing. Elderly: Increased risk of sedation and confusion, often requiring dosage adjustments.
Common adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, and blurred vision. Less frequent but serious effects may involve respiratory depression, severe hypotension, and allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis.
Store in a tightly closed container at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion. Dispose of expired or unused medication properly, as per local regulations.
Regularly monitor sedation levels in patients. In long-term use, periodically assess liver function tests. Monitor for signs of anticholinergic side effects including urinary retention and constipation.
Symptoms of overdose can include severe drowsiness, agitation, and seizures. Immediate medical attention is essential. Treatment generally involves supportive care and symptomatic treatment.
Advise patients to avoid alcohol while taking this medication due to increased sedative effects. Inform about potential for dizziness; caution should be taken when driving or operating machinery. Discuss the importance of adhering to prescribed doses and not to use concurrently with other CNS depressants without medical advice.