Xeloda, also known by its active ingredient capecitabine, is a medication used to treat certain types of cancer, such as breast and colorectal cancer. It is taken in pill form and is sometimes called Capecitabine. Xeloda helps to stop the growth of cancer cells.
A pack of Xeloda can cost anywhere between £13.09 and £16.36. The exact price depends on pack measurements and active ingredient density (10 or 40 mg).
Xeloda contains capecitabine, a fluoropyrimidine carbamate that functions as a prodrug for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Capecitabine is metabolized into 5-FU in the body, which inhibits DNA synthesis in cancer cells.
Xeloda is indicated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and colorectal cancer. It is also used for adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer. Additionally, it may treat other types of cancer as determined by a healthcare provider.
Xeloda is available in oral tablet form. The tablets come in strengths of 150 mg and 500 mg, marked accordingly. Tablets should be swallowed whole with water, within 30 minutes after a meal.
Xeloda should be taken twice daily, approximately 12 hours apart. Follow the dosing schedule prescribed by your physician. Do not crush or split tablets. If a dose is missed, do not double up; consult your healthcare provider on what steps to take.
Once ingested, Xeloda is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and converted to 5-FU in the liver and tumor tissues. This conversion process exploits the higher activity of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase in cancer cells, leading to targeted cytotoxic effects.
Xeloda undergoes enzymatic conversion primarily in the liver, followed by further metabolism in the tumor cells. The metabolites are excreted mainly via the urine, with renal function being a significant factor in elimination. Dose adjustment is necessary for patients with renal impairment.
Common side effects include gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Hand-foot syndrome, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain in the palms and soles, is also common. Other effects can include fatigue, dizziness, and rash. Discuss any side effects with your healthcare provider.
Xeloda may interact with certain anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding. It may also interact with specific antiviral, antifungal, and antiepileptic medications, affecting drug efficacy and safety. Provide a full list of current medications to your healthcare provider.
Xeloda is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min). It is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to capecitabine or any of its components, as well as for use in patients with severe dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency.
Store Xeloda tablets at room temperature, between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F). Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed and away from moisture and light. Ensure it is stored out of reach of children and pets.
In the event of an overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, and myelosuppression. Supportive care and symptomatic treatment should be initiated promptly under medical supervision.
Patients with mild to moderate renal impairment should use Xeloda with caution, and dose adjustments are recommended. Regular blood tests will be necessary to monitor liver function and blood cell counts. Notify healthcare providers if any unusual symptoms or severe side effects occur.
Regular monitoring of complete blood cell counts, including white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin, is recommended. Liver and kidney function should also be monitored periodically. Any significant changes in laboratory values may necessitate dose adjustments or discontinuation of the therapy.
Patients should be informed of potential side effects and advised to report any severe or persistent symptoms. Instruction on how to take the medication correctly should be provided, emphasizing adherence to dosing schedules and dietary considerations. Patients should also be counseled about the importance of regular monitoring and follow-up appointments.
Effectiveness of Xeloda is demonstrated through clinical trials showing increased survival rates and reduction in tumor size in patients with colorectal and breast cancer. Individual response to treatment may vary, and ongoing evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness is required by healthcare providers.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme deficiency can significantly affect Xeloda metabolism, increasing toxicity risk. Genetic testing for DPD deficiency may be recommended for patients prior to starting treatment to ensure appropriate dosing and minimize adverse effects.