Amantadine is a medication with the active ingredient called amantadine hydrochloride. It is also known by brand names such as Symmetrel. It is used to treat and prevent certain strains of the flu and to help manage symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
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The general pricing of Amantadine is in the range of £0.57 – £0.95 for each pills. The amount and type of active ingredients (30 or 360 mg) determine its exact cost.
Amantadine hydrochloride is the active ingredient in the medication. It is a synthetic antiviral and antiparkinsonian drug. It operates on various neurochemical pathways in the brain.
Amantadine is primarily indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. It is also used to prevent and treat certain viral infections, like type A influenza virus.
Amantadine is available in several dosage forms including tablets, capsules, and syrup. The tablets are often available in 100 mg strength, while the syrup form generally contains 50 mg per 5 mL.
Amantadine should be taken orally, with or without food. For patients who experience stomach upset, taking it with food may be beneficial. It’s important to follow the prescribed dosage schedule.
Amantadine functions by interfering with the viral replication process and enhancing the release of dopamine in the brain. This dual mechanism is primarily why it is effective in treating both viral infections and Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
After oral administration, amantadine is rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations reached in 2 to 4 hours. The drug has a half-life of 10-30 hours in adults with normal renal function. It is excreted primarily by the kidneys.
Dosage adjustments are required for patients with renal impairment. Reduced renal function can lead to the accumulation of the drug in the body, potentially causing toxicity.
Possible side effects include nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. Dry mouth and constipation are also reported. Side effects typically subside as the body adjusts to the medication.
Serious side effects may include hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension, and congestive heart failure. Immediate medical attention is required if these occur.
Amantadine may interact with anticholinergic drugs, potentiating their effects. Co-administration with CNS stimulants may increase the risk of CNS stimulation. It can also interact with diuretics and other medications that affect renal function.
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to amantadine. It should not be used in patients with untreated angle-closure glaucoma. Caution is advised in patients with a history of psychosis.
Amantadine should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed. It is excreted in breast milk, hence it may not be recommended during breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary.
Amantadine may cause dizziness and blurred vision, affecting the ability to drive or operate machinery safely. Patients should be cautioned about these potential effects.
Overdose symptoms may include severe CNS disturbances such as agitation and confusion, as well as cardiovascular effects. Supportive measures and immediate medical intervention are necessary in case of overdose.
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Avoid freezing the syrup form. Keep out of reach of children.
Regular monitoring of renal function and mental status is advised. For patients on long-term therapy, periodic evaluations for effectiveness and side effects are necessary.
Amantadine is a prescription-only medication. Its use requires medical supervision due to the potential for serious side effects and drug interactions.
Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and its ability to prevent influenza A virus infections. Ongoing research continues to explore additional therapeutic uses.
Generic versions of amantadine hydrochloride are available, providing a cost-effective alternative to the brand-name drug. These generics are subject to the same regulatory standards as the branded formulations.
Patients should be advised to adhere strictly to the prescribed dosage and schedule. They should be informed about the potential side effects and to report any severe reactions immediately. Counseling on the importance of regular follow-up appointments is crucial for ongoing monitoring.
Geriatric patients may be more susceptible to the central nervous system and renal effects of amantadine. Dosing in the elderly should be approached with caution, often starting at the lower end of the dosing range.