Terramycin is an antibiotic that contains the active ingredient oxytetracycline. It is also known by the name Oxytet. This medication is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including skin and eye infections, as well as respiratory infections.
The fiscal range for Terramycin stands at £0.22 to £0.28 per pills. The crux of the pricing revolves around pack dimensions and ingredient quality (90 or 360 mg).
Terramycin contains the active ingredient oxytetracycline, a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic. Other inactive ingredients might include starch, magnesium stearate, and lactose. The drug is often available in the form of capsules, tablets, or topical formulations such as ointments.
Oxytetracycline works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This action prevents the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting the growth and multiplication of bacteria. It is bacteriostatic, meaning it stops bacteria from reproducing rather than killing them outright.
Terramycin is used for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. It is also effective against certain sexually transmitted infections and eye infections like trachoma and conjunctivitis. Additionally, it can be used to treat some specific types of acne.
The typical adult dosage for oral administration ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hours, although the exact dosage depends on the severity and type of infection. It is essential to take the medication as directed by a healthcare provider. For topical formulations, apply a thin layer to the affected area 1-2 times daily. Dosage adjustments may be required for children and individuals with renal impairment.
Oxytetracycline is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when taken orally, though its absorption can be reduced by food, dairy products, and iron-containing substances. Peak plasma concentrations are usually achieved within 2-4 hours. The drug is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids and is primarily excreted in urine and feces. The elimination half-life is approximately 6-9 hours.
Concurrent use of antacids containing calcium, magnesium, or aluminum can impair absorption of oxytetracycline. Oral contraceptives may have reduced effectiveness when taken with Terramycin. The risk of intracranial hypertension may increase if used alongside retinoids. Additionally, it may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants, necessitating monitoring of blood coagulation parameters.
Terramycin is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to tetracyclines. It should not be used during pregnancy as it can affect fetal bone and tooth development. It is also contraindicated in children under 8 years of age due to the potential for permanent tooth discoloration and impact on bone growth.
Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Photosensitivity reactions, leading to severe sunburns, may occur in some individuals. Less common adverse reactions include hepatotoxicity, hematological abnormalities like leukopenia, and vestibular reactions including dizziness and vertigo.
Store Terramycin in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use the medication past its expiration date to ensure effectiveness and safety.
Periodic laboratory tests may be required during prolonged therapy, including liver function tests, renal function tests, and complete blood counts. This is to monitor for potential hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hematologic abnormalities that can arise with long-term use of tetracyclines.
In the event of an overdose, initiate symptomatic and supportive measures. Gastric lavage might be considered if the ingestion is recent. Maintain adequate hydration and diuresis to enhance renal elimination of the drug. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are generally ineffective in removing significant amounts of oxytetracycline.
In patients with renal impairment, dose adjustments may be necessary to avoid drug accumulation and potential toxicity. For elderly patients, close monitoring is recommended due to the likelihood of decreased renal function. Lactating mothers should avoid using Terramycin as it can be excreted in breast milk and affect the nursing infant.
Advise patients to take Terramycin exactly as prescribed, emphasizing the importance of completing the full course of therapy even if symptoms resolve early. Inform them to avoid taking the medication with dairy products or antacids to ensure proper absorption. Patients should be instructed to use sunscreen and protective clothing to mitigate the risk of photosensitivity reactions. Encourage patients to report any severe or persistent side effects.
Healthcare professionals should consider local antibiogram data before initiating treatment with Terramycin to ensure its suitability given the potential for resistance. Regular follow-up appointments to monitor therapeutic outcomes and side effects can enhance patient safety and treatment efficacy.