Zestril, also known as Lisinopril, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. The active ingredient in Zestril is called lisinopril. It helps relax blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood. Zestril can also improve survival after a heart attack.
The cost of the Zestril varies from £0.25 to £1.02 per pills. It depends on the size of the pack and the amount of active ingredient (30 or 360 mg).
Zestril is a brand name for lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. It aids in preventing strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems.
Zestril is primarily prescribed to manage hypertension. It helps lower blood pressure, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. It is also used in patients with heart failure to improve survival and in patients after a heart attack to improve outcomes. Additionally, it is prescribed to protect the kidneys in patients with diabetes who have high blood pressure.
Zestril works by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme. This leads to a decrease in the production of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels. As a result, blood vessels relax and widen, allowing blood to flow more easily. This reduces blood pressure and decreases the heart’s workload.
Zestril contains lisinopril as its active ingredient. It is available in tablet form, with various strengths including 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg. The inactive ingredients may include calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, and starch.
When taken orally, Zestril has an absorption rate of approximately 25-30%. The bioavailability may vary among individuals. It reaches peak plasma concentrations within 7 hours. Zestril is not significantly metabolized and is excreted primarily unchanged in the urine. The half-life is about 12 hours, but may be prolonged in patients with renal impairment.
Zestril should be taken once daily, with or without food. It is important to take it at the same time each day for the best effect. Patients are advised to follow their healthcare provider’s instructions regarding dosage. The dosage may be adjusted based on the patient’s condition and response to treatment.
Store Zestril tablets at room temperature, between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Keep the medication in its original packaging, away from moisture, heat, and light. Ensure that it is kept out of reach of children and pets.
Concomitant use of Zestril with diuretics may lead to excessive blood pressure reduction. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce its antihypertensive effects. Combining Zestril with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics may increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Lithium levels may rise if taken with Zestril, necessitating close monitoring.
Zestril significantly lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels. The antihypertensive effect is usually noticeable within an hour of administration, reaching peak effect within 6-8 hours. Ongoing usage helps maintain stable blood pressure levels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
In patients with renal impairment, dosage adjustments may be needed to prevent accumulation. Elderly patients may require lower starting doses due to potential sensitivity. Dosage may also need modification in cases of electrolyte imbalances or if concurrent medications affect renal function.
Zestril is contraindicated in patients with a history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor. It is also not recommended for patients with hereditary or idiopathic angioedema. Pregnant women should avoid it due to its potential risk to the developing fetus.
Clinical studies have consistently shown that Zestril effectively lowers blood pressure in patients with hypertension. In heart failure trials, it improved symptoms and survival rates. Post-myocardial infarction studies demonstrated improved cardiac function and reduced mortality.
Common adverse effects include dizziness, headache, fatigue, and cough. Some individuals may experience hypotension, particularly after the first dose. Rare but serious side effects include renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and severe allergic reactions like angioedema.
Patients on Zestril should have their kidney function (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) and electrolytes (particularly potassium) monitored periodically. Blood pressure should be regularly checked to ensure the medication’s effectiveness and adjust dosing as needed.
In patients with heart failure, Zestril can improve symptoms and reduce mortality when added to other heart failure treatments. For diabetic patients, it provides kidney protection by lowering blood pressure and reducing proteinuria. Lower starting doses may be necessary for elderly patients.
Patients should be informed about the importance of adherence to their medication regimen. They must understand how Zestril helps manage their condition and be aware of potential side effects. They should be advised to avoid high potassium diets and to report any symptoms of angioedema immediately.
If discontinuation of Zestril is necessary, it should be done under medical supervision. Sudden cessation may result in a rapid increase in blood pressure. Gradual tapering of the dose may be recommended to avoid adverse effects.